Agricultural education
Iraj Malek Mohammadi
Abstract
Gaining cognition and awareness from the world is one of the procedures of acquiring knowledge from the essentialism viewpoints applying qualitative research. There are considerable numbers of specific do’s and don’ts (regulations) applying qualitative research paradigm to secure appropriate ...
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Gaining cognition and awareness from the world is one of the procedures of acquiring knowledge from the essentialism viewpoints applying qualitative research. There are considerable numbers of specific do’s and don’ts (regulations) applying qualitative research paradigm to secure appropriate knowledge, awareness and values of cognition. Conducting qualitative research under the stipulation of detection and application of appropriate research method, including grounded theory (GT), with highly valuable findings can provide stable basis for the quantitative research paradigm faze. Ontology, epistemology, methodology and method’s insufficiency or misapplication create invalid and unjustifiable research findings. Insufficiency and inappropriate use of GT as one of the ontological methods grounded this article to acquaint researchers with appropriate application of this method in their research. Inspecting considerable numbers of article in which GT was applied as per literature of this method, along with investigating GT method failures in these article motivated the author to investigate related literature through evolutionary approach and critical hermeneutic analysis detect 10 failures in this theory that none of them has been mentioned in GT literature so far. As the result these 10 issues are: precise identification of experts and subject matter specialists, experts and specialists footing, fitness of the research method and data collection tools, applying experts’ conformity measurement, harmony of coding procedure and GT type, accurate data processing procedure, approaching the usefulness threshold, developing theoretical model, achieving findings generalizability, and finally, producing and/or exploring reliable theory. Editorial appraisal approach of the articles developed applying GT showed that almost all of the coding procedures fit the evolutionary version as; open, axial and selective while all of the authors of the articles index Glaser and Strauss who developed traditional version of GT for coding. Therefore it seems that there is not sufficient awareness of GT application and coding exigencies. Hence, while traditional GT version is referred, coding procedure is not up to date. Therefore, the outcome theories won’t be as reliable as should be where as unfortunately, these articles are being published regardless of their shortcomings.
Agricultural education
Iraj Malek Mohammadi
Abstract
Phenomenon naturally are in harmony to resist and survive in the physical world. Human being especially from behavioral and mental dimensions expects himself the sense of proportion to compromise and suit the others in his society. This sense manages and controls mind and behavior of the individual ...
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Phenomenon naturally are in harmony to resist and survive in the physical world. Human being especially from behavioral and mental dimensions expects himself the sense of proportion to compromise and suit the others in his society. This sense manages and controls mind and behavior of the individual person sometimes from inside by himself and sometimes from outside by the others. Education is require to develop people’s situation everywhere in the world and farmers, as a global waste society as well. The sense of proportion is a sense that helps people live in harmony and enjoy rational judgement in their life and job. Although the sense of proportion is, a divine blessing in its nature to develop human dimensions, but it needs proper management to be beneficial and prevent its probable misuse damages deterring human development. In spite of being generic, proper application of this sense by person is an art and judging criteria are acquired (research findings), sometimes are internal and sometimes are external. Research is a phenomenon to help applying accurate and valuable criteria and scales to judge and making decisions. The role of Agricultural Extension Education highlighted in this review article by applying three logics diagnosing the right act and the right action of applying sense of proportion in human empowerment due to the obstacles and shortcomings in research projects explored. In addition, configuring role of research in development, and the role of hypothesis making and hypothesis testing in scientific rules makings. Different kinds of hypothesis making and hypothesis testing methods basically, in quantitative experimental research, declared too to help deducing hypothesis phobia among some researchers who prefer to avoid hypothesis in their research. Since, those research findings end to make scientific rule that gained with no or the minimum inevitable error to make applicable valid and reliable criterion in sense of proportion judgments.
Iraj Malek Mohammadi
Abstract
Research, with its’ all ethical dimensions, is trus teeship with the researcher to explore, reveal and disseminate facts to bounce it to the owner. To do this, introducing the right and reliable source of research data (Statis tical population) is the prim discipline to consider although unfortunately ...
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Research, with its’ all ethical dimensions, is trus teeship with the researcher to explore, reveal and disseminate facts to bounce it to the owner. To do this, introducing the right and reliable source of research data (Statis tical population) is the prim discipline to consider although unfortunately this initial regulation is considered less in many researches. Therefore, invalid and unreliable source of date is bothering abundant researches to invalidate their findings regarding facts inves tigation. Vague research population, sample size, sample selection, and even sample assignment procedure were the mos t predominant insufficiency biasing research to unveil facts in over 1500 research articles, considerable number of research reports, graduate theses and even Ph. D. dissertations that reviewed in this analytical documentary inves tigation article. Providing accurate and adequate research proposal; proper and right data; sufficient s tatis tical procedures; realis tic analysis, deduction and generalization are four fundamental research principles s tressed and enlightened in this article to assis t researchers to avoid research obs tacles. Because, the more blemished these research principles, the more inaccurate data, and hence the more unreliable results. Thus, recent precise and applicable on-line calculation procedures to determine the sample size based on the characteris tics of the confidence level, confidence interval, size, and mos t importantly, the effect size of the research population introduced in this article
Viida Mirzapour; Iraj Malakmohammadi; Seyed.Mahmood Hosseini
Abstract
Lack of clear and codified scientific methods for agricultural waste management extension education (AWMEE) in the country is the most agricultural impresive problem. Therefore, it is worth considering that by applying an appropriate model of waste management extension education, agricultural development ...
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Lack of clear and codified scientific methods for agricultural waste management extension education (AWMEE) in the country is the most agricultural impresive problem. Therefore, it is worth considering that by applying an appropriate model of waste management extension education, agricultural development will bost in Iran. This applied research was conducted with the aim of designing a structural model Waste Management Extension Education in agricultural Through quasi-experimental method.The statistical population consisted of 242,235 farmers, gardeners and experts of Mazandaran province. In each group, 1061 participants were determined as a sample using Cochran's sampling formula. A questionnaire was used to collect required data. In order to determine validity of the questionnaire, construct validity average variance extracted AVE= 0.6 calculated and to determine the reliability, ordinal alpha coepicient (α=0.80), (θ=0.81) and cumulative reliability coefficient (CR=0.90) were used. Data analyses was performed using LISREL8.8 software for confirmatory factor analysis. results showed that the factor structure and measurement model designed to measure (AWMEE( factors and the data were in good shape for analysis. Results the path analysis showed that at P= 0.05, causing of agricultural waste, agricultural extension education waste management,waste reduction factors have a direct and significant positive effect on agricultural development (t> 1.96) and among them agricultural extension education waste management had the greatest impact on agricultural development (t = 6.53 and β =0.30). Also, based on the results of the final model, it can be said that the factor promoting waste reduction management had the greatest impact on agricultural development.
