Masoud Yazdanpanah; bahman khosravipour; yousof azadi
Abstract
The issue of unemployment and the increase in the number of university graduates is one of the most difficult challenges facing Iran. So that this issue has become one of the most significant problems mental for planners, policymakers, parents and young people, especially college graduates. Therefore, ...
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The issue of unemployment and the increase in the number of university graduates is one of the most difficult challenges facing Iran. So that this issue has become one of the most significant problems mental for planners, policymakers, parents and young people, especially college graduates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the power of two theories of planned behavior and social cognitive career theory in predicting agricultural students’ intention towards self-employment in Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. The study population was undergraduate students of Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (N=2233). After a screening process 23 questionnaires had to be removed due to inconsistencies and missing data. The statistical sample was 304 students that determined by Krejcie and Morgan table, and a random sampling method was used to collect data from students using questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaires was examined by teta coefficients, which ranged from 0.70 to 0.90, indicating the tool of study is reliable. The results of structural equation modeling showed that social cognitive career theory with 85 percent prediction of self-employment intention variable was more powerful than theory of planned behavior in predicting intention towards self-employment.
Abstract
One of the most important social issues in developing countries, especially Iran, Unemployment University graduates in all academic disciplines, especially in agriculture there. Study aimed to identify factors affecting the students to self-employment is in the agricultural sector. The research was applied, ...
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One of the most important social issues in developing countries, especially Iran, Unemployment University graduates in all academic disciplines, especially in agriculture there. Study aimed to identify factors affecting the students to self-employment is in the agricultural sector. The research was applied, and it was descriptive- correlation, in terms of controlling the variables, in which used a survey method. Study population was all undergraduate students of Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (N=942). Statistical sample was 304 students that determined by Krejcie and Morgan table and a random sampling method was used to collect data from students using questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education experts. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaires was examined by teta coefficients, which ranged from 0.70 to 0.90, indicating the tool of study is reliable. SPSS24 and AMOS22 software were used to analyze data. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between Outcome Expectation, Self-efficacy, Perception of other behavior and Social structural factors (support and barriers) with intention towards self-employment in the agricultural sector. The results also showed that the variables of Outcome Expectation, Self-efficacy, Perception of other behavior and Social structural factors (support and barriers) has direct effects on the variable positive intention towards self-employment in the agricultural sector. Collectively, these variables are capable predict 85 percent of the variability intention towards self-employment in the agricultural sector.
Abstract
The current study is a qualitative research in which a grounded theory has been used. To collect data an interview tool through in-depth interviews was used. A theoretical purposeful sampling method was used to select samples during the snowball procedures. Data were theoretically saturated by interviewing ...
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The current study is a qualitative research in which a grounded theory has been used. To collect data an interview tool through in-depth interviews was used. A theoretical purposeful sampling method was used to select samples during the snowball procedures. Data were theoretically saturated by interviewing with 21 agricultural graduates and 9 employers and agricultural faculty members. For selecting the graduates to participate in interviewing the most important criteria were their willingness to cooperate, having good experience and adequate information about the research objectives, two years unemployment status after the graduation as well as their attempt to find a job. Data analyzing was proceed during open coding, axial coding and selective coding processes, then to identify themes a Strauss and Corbin (1998) paradigm was used by establishing relationships between themes and casual conditions, contextual conditions, intervention/ intermediate conditions, strategies and consequences. Results showed that the most important barriers and problems faced to the agricultural graduates were: low quality and inappropriate syllabus in universities, lack of university teachers' skills, unawareness to entrepreneurship skills during education, lack of advisory services and supports for the graduates, no enough infrastructures, individual problems like low self-confidence, interest to work, and insufficient skills among the agricultural students and graduates, not enough financial and banking facilities, not strong linkage and coordination between organizations related to agriculture, no appropriate administrative regulations and laws, socio- cultural problems, structural problems in the country's agricultural economy.
Mohammad Mehdi Mardanshahi
Abstract
Raising agricultural graduates' unemployment and their inability to startup business and entrepreneurship is a crucial problem in Iran. The purpose of this study was to analyzing factors affecting agricultural graduates' business startup competencies. The statistical population consisted of all agriculture ...
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Raising agricultural graduates' unemployment and their inability to startup business and entrepreneurship is a crucial problem in Iran. The purpose of this study was to analyzing factors affecting agricultural graduates' business startup competencies. The statistical population consisted of all agriculture and natural resources, graduats during 2013-2016 in Mazandaran Province (N= 2550), among them 364 were randomaly selected based on Cochran Formula. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and also its reliability was estimated to be θ= 0.912 using ordinal theta coeficient. In order to analyze the data, SPSSwin20 was used. The correlation tests, mann-whitney U and ordinal regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that, approximately 59 as percont of respondents ranked their business startup competencies at high and very high level. Appliying ordinal regression showed that, three variables including gender, education and character can estimate 67 percent of possibility of changing the dependent variable.
Muhamad Badsar; leila safa; Suheila Fathi
Abstract
Despite increasing trend of unemployment among graduates of agriculture and the importance of working in rural areas as one of the most important agricultural policies in higher education, a large number of agricultural graduates do not have willingness to work in village. Considering the importance ...
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Despite increasing trend of unemployment among graduates of agriculture and the importance of working in rural areas as one of the most important agricultural policies in higher education, a large number of agricultural graduates do not have willingness to work in village. Considering the importance of the issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of individual and contextual factors on the willingness of Agricultural Students of Zanjan University towards Employment in Rural Areas. The statistical population of this study was including 390 senior graduate students in the academic year 2014-2015, which based on Krejcie and Morgan Table, 200 of them were selected through simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was utilized in order to collect the data. Validity of the questionnaire was approved based on the guidance of faculty members at Zanjan University. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the research instrument, and calculated ordinal coefficient thetas were at the appropriate level (ranges between 0.83 to 0.956). The collected data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and the application of Bayesian estimation method according to the ordinal measured variables. Obtained results based on Bayesian estimation direct structural model showed that there was a positive significant relationship between the contextual variables such as; sex, age, work experience in rural area, family income and years of residence in the village with the dependent variable of employment willingness in rural area. Also, based on the mediation structural model, it was specified that entrepreneurial capability variable had only a partial mediation role on the relationship between family income and employment willingness in rural area whereas other variables did not have a mediation role.
