Role of Extension Education programs in Risk Management of Rain-fed Wheat Growers in Kermanshah

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Agriculture is considered an important sector in the world economy. However, this section is always associated with risk, implying the need for more attention to risk management. In this regard, it is important to consider the role of extension training programs and how farmers react to risk. The main purpose of this research was to present a risk management model with focusing on the role of extension training programs among rain-fed wheat producer in Kermanshah province (N=83442). The sample size was determined based on krejcie and Morgan table (n=383). This research has been done through a survey method and multistage sampling method was used to select 383 farmers. Questionnaire was main research instrument. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by panel of experts and the reliability of different parts was approved with Cronbach,s alpha test (0.73 ≤ ɑ ≤ 0.94). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. Results showed that the positive significant relationship between the awareness of risk sources and extension training programs. Also, the proposed model can explain 50% of changes in risk management. The results of this research provide useful insights for researchers, extension agents and farmers to develop appropriate risk management strategies by expanding the level of collaboration.

Keywords

References

 
Abebe, G. K., Bijman, J., Pascucci, S., and Omta, O. (2013). Adoption of improved potato varieties in Ethiopia: The role of agricultural knowledge and innovation system and smallholder farmers’ quality assessment. Agricultural Systems, (122): 22–32.
Aimin, H. (2010). Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and Risk Management in Agriculture. International Conference on Agricultural Risk and Food Security. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia: 152–156.
Anderson, K. B. and Mapp, H. P. (1996). Risk management programs in Extension. Journal of Resource Economiccs, 21 (1): 31-38.
Anto´n, J., Cattaneo, A., Kimura, Sh., and Lankoski, J. (2013). Agricultural risk management policies under climate uncertainty. Global Environmental Change, (23): 1726–1736.
Carrer, M. J., Meirelles, H., Filho, D., Otávio, M., Batalha and Rossi, F. R. (2015). Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) and technical efficiency: An analysis of citrus farms in Brazil. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, (119): 105–111.
Fraisse, C. W., Breuer, N. E., Zierden, D. Bellow, J. G., Paz, J., Cabrera, V. E., Garcia y Garcia, A., Ingram, K. T., Hatch, U., Hoogenboom, G., Jones, J. W., and Brien, J. J. (2006). AgClimate: A climate forecast information system for agricultural risk management in the southeastern USA. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, (53): 13–27.
Gomez-Limon, J. A., Riesgo, L., and Arriaza B. M. (2002). "Agricultural Risk Aversion Revisited: A Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach," 2002 International Congress, August 28-31, 2002, Zaragoza, Spain 24827, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Hashemi, M., Hosseini, M. and Damalas. C. A. (2009). Farmers’ competence and training needs on pest management practices: Participation in extension workshops. Crop Protection, (28): 934–939.
Irwin, A., and Poots, J. (2015). The human factor in agriculture: An interview study to identify farmers’ non-technical skills. Safety Science, (74): 114–121.
Jain, R. C. A., and Parshad, M. (2012). Working Group on Risk Management in Agriculture for XI Five Year Plan (2007 – 2012). Government of India Planning Commission, New Delhi. 1-129.
Jankelova, N., Masar, D., and Moricova, S. (2017). Risk factors in the agriculture sector. Agric. Econ. – Czech, 63 (6): 247–258.
Janowicz-Lomott, M. and Łyskawa, K. (2014). The new instruments of risk management in agriculture in the European Union. Procedia Economics and Finance 9 (2014): 321– 330.
Kahan, D. (2008). Managing risk in farming/ farm management extension guide. Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations Vialedelle Terme dicaracalla. Rome, Italy. (153): 38-75.
Kapoor, S. and Ojha, R. K. (2006). Vulnerability in rural areas: potential demand for microinsurance. International Journal of Rural Management, 2 (1): 64-83.
Kay, R., Edwards, W. M., and Duffy, P. A. (2004). Farm manegement. Fifth edition. Published by Mc Graw-Hill, Americas, New York. 239-258.
Kgakatsi, I. B. and Rautenbach, C. J. W. (2014). The contribution of seasonal climate forecasts to the management of agricultural disaster-risk in South Africa. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (8): 100–113.
Marine, S. C., Martin, D., Adalja, A., Mathew, S., Everts, K. L. (2016). Effect of market channel, farm scale, and years in production on mid-Atlantic vegetable producers' knowledge and implementation of Good Agricultural Practices. Food Control, (59): 128-138.
Mase, A. S., Cho, h., and Prokopy, L. S. (2015). Enhancing the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) by exploring trust, the availability heuristic, and agricultural advisors' belief in climate change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, (41): 166-176.
Menapace, L., Colson, G., and Raffaelli, R. (2015). Climate change beliefs and perceptions of agricultural risks: An application of the exchangeability method. Global Environmental Change, (35): 70–81.
Mokotjo, W. and Kalusopa, T. (2010). Evaluation of the Agricultural Information Service (AIS) in Lesotho. International Journal of Information Management, (30): 350–356.
Ortiz, O. (2006). Evolution of agricultural extension and information dissemination in Peru: An historical perspective focusing on potato-related pest control. Agriculture and Human Values (23): 477-489.
Ramaswami, B. Ravi, Sh. and Chopra, S. D. (2003). Risk Management in Agriculture. Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi. Planning Unit. Discussion Paper in Economics 03-08.
Shannon, H., and Motha, R. P. (2015). Managing weather and climate risks to agriculture in North America, Central America and the Caribbean. WeatherandClimateExtremes, (10): 50–56.
Shortreed, J., Hicks, J. and Craig, L. (2003). Basic framework for risk management, The Ontario ministry of the environment Network for Environmental risk management (NERM). 7: 74.
Snapp S. S. (2004). Innovations in extension from Malawi. HortTechnology, (14): 8–13.
Sulewski, P., and& Kłoczko-Gajewska, A. (2014). Farmers’ risk perception, risk aversion and strategies to cope with production risk: an empirical study from Poland. Studies in Agricultural Economics, (116): 140-147.
Thomas, R. J. (2008). Opportunities to reduce the vulnerability of dryland farmers in Central and West Asia and North Africa to climate change. Journal of Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, (126): 36-45.
Uddin, M. N., Bokelmann, W., and Entsminger, J. S. (2104). Factors Affecting Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Environmental Degradation and Climate Change Effects: A Farm Level Study in Bangladesh. Climate, (2): 223-241.
Ullah, R., Shivakoti, G. P., and Ali, GH. (2015). Factors effecting farmers’ risk attitude and risk perceptions: The case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (13): 151–157.
Wapet, S., Chandtrapatya, S. and Buranatanung, N. (2005). Factors Affecting the Adoption and Non-adoption of Sloping Land Conservation Farming Practices by Small-scale Farmers in Thailand.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics